Glossary


 

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C

Cadaver

dead body


Caecal pellets

partially digested food passed as faeces and eaten by rabbits


Caecum

a blind-ended sac located between the small and large intestine; equivalent to the appendix in humans


Canine degenerative myopathy

progressive condition where nerves within the spinal cord gradually lose their ability to transmit impulses


Canine teeth

pointed teeth between the incisors and premolars, bigger in carnivore species


Capsid

the protein layer around the core of a virus


Carbohydrase

an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates 


Cardiac

relating to the heart


Cardiac muscle

involuntary muscle of the heart


Carnivore

animal that eats meat


Carotinoid pigments

pigments contained in fruits and seeds


Cartilage

specialised connective tissue that is more rigid than dense connective tissue but more flexible than bone


Caudal

towards the tail


Cementum

thin layer of bony material that fixes the teeth to the mandible 


Central nervous system (CNS)

part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord


Centrioles

bundles of microtubules that organise the nuclear spindle during cell reproduction


Cervix

the passage that lies between the uterus and the vagina, and which dilates during sexual intercourse and parturition


Cestodes

tapeworms


Chondroblasts

cells which form endochondral ossification forming chondrocytes in the growing cartilage


Chordae tendinae

threadlike fibrous tissue cords that anchor the papillary muscle of the heart to the bicuspid and tricuspid valves


Chromatin

material of which chromosomes are composed


Chromosome

threadlike structure of DNA, RNA and protein, found within the cell nucleus


Chronic

ongoing or long term


Chyle

a milky fluid containing fat droplets which drains from the lacteals of the small intestine into the lymphatic system during digestion.


Chyme

the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.


Cilia

hairlike projections from certain cells


Ciliated epithelium

columnar epithelial cells with many cilia on the surface of each cell


Clavicle

collar bone


Codominance

a form of dominance that occurs when all the alleles within the genotype are expressed


Columnar cells

column-shaped epithelial cells with a nucleus at the base of the cell


Compact bone

makes up the outer, hard layers of the bones and the diaphysis (shafts) of long bones


Cones

cells in the eye that detect colour


Congenital

present from birth


Conjugation

process where DNA is transferred between bacteria cells


Constipation

the difficulty or failure to excrete faeces from the body


Contagious

easily spread between animals


Cooperative breeders

use other members of the pack to raise young


Copulation

the act of mating


Core temperature

temperature at the centre of the body


Cornea

clear membrane covering the surface of the eye


Corpus luteum

a hormone-secreting structure that develops in the ovary after ovulation


COSHH

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health


CPD

Continuing Professional Development


Cranial

towards the head


Crepuscular animal

one that is active during the twilight hours


Cuboidal cells

cube-shaped epithelial cells with a central, spherical nucleus


Cull

the slaughter of an animal, usually to stop spread of disease or limit the population


Cytoplasm

everything inside the cell except the nucleus


Cytoskeleton

fibres that give structure to the cell


Cytosol

fluid contents of the cell


Cytotoxic

toxic to cells; a substance that kills living cells


Cytotoxic drugs

those used to treat tumours (various types of cancer), and which are toxic to living cells



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